AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis

John Mark R. Asio

doi:10.29333/ejhbe/17850

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John Mark R. Asio ¹ ^*

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¹ Gordon College, Olongapo City, PHILIPPINES^* Corresponding Author

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a trending topic in the educational field today, so it is also vital to understand how it affects nursing education. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional research design with a parallel mediation analysis to assess the levels of AI literacy (AIL), AI self-efficacy (AISE), AI anxiety (AIA), and AI self-competence (AISC) among 255 purposively chosen nursing students from a higher education institution in Olongapo City, Philippines, during the academic year 2024-2025. Data was collected through an online survey distributed from September to October 2024. The study adopted two standardized instruments, one for AIA and another for AIL, AISE, and AISC constructs. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics and Hayes’ process macro model 4 for mediation analysis using IBM SPSS version 23. Findings revealed direct relationships between AIL and AISE, with AIA mediating this association. Additionally, AISC was found to mediate the link between AIL and AISE also. The study contributes valuable insights to the field of AI research, shedding light on the complex interplay among AIL, AIA, AISE, and AISC in the context of nursing education.

Keywords

AI literacy
AI
self-efficacy
AI anxiety
AI self-competence
parallel mediation analysis
nursing education

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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Article Type: Research Article

European Journal of Health and Biology Education, Volume 13, Issue 1, 2026, Article No: e2601

https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

Publication date: 03 Feb 2026

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Article Downloads: 6

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How to cite this article

APA

Asio, J. M. R. (2026). AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis. European Journal of Health and Biology Education, 13(1), e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

Vancouver

Asio JMR. AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis. European Journal of Health and Biology Education. 2026;13(1):e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

AMA

Asio JMR. AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis. European Journal of Health and Biology Education. 2026;13(1), e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

Chicago

Asio, John Mark R.. "AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis". European Journal of Health and Biology Education 2026 13 no. 1 (2026): e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

Harvard

Asio, J. M. R. (2026). AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis. European Journal of Health and Biology Education, 13(1), e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850

MLA

Asio, John Mark R. "AI anxiety, AI self-competence, AI literacy, and AI self-efficacy among nursing students: A parallel mediation analysis". European Journal of Health and Biology Education, vol. 13, no. 1, 2026, e2601. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejhbe/17850